{"id":1141,"date":"2022-07-28T08:49:24","date_gmt":"2022-07-28T08:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/the-hospital-of-the-future\/music-and-health-through-the-ages"},"modified":"2022-12-15T12:52:46","modified_gmt":"2022-12-15T12:52:46","slug":"music-and-health-through-the-ages","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/the-hospital-of-the-future\/music-and-health-through-the-ages","title":{"rendered":"Music and health through the ages"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1141\" class=\"elementor elementor-1141 elementor-20\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bfe545 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bfe545\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b735442\" data-id=\"b735442\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d454da elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d454da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ffe93c6\" data-id=\"ffe93c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87a7640 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"87a7640\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.3 - 22-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c6d7557\" data-id=\"c6d7557\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e258214 elementor-widget__width-auto titulopagina elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e258214\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The hospital of the future<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1e44716 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1e44716\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dceb051\" data-id=\"dceb051\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-80a4688 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"80a4688\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb7ebb2\" data-id=\"cb7ebb2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea78b94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea78b94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><mark>SECTIONS<\/mark><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d5ac75 elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none menusidebar elementor-nav-menu__align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"8d5ac75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;vertical&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-nav-menu.min.css\">\t\t\t<nav migration_allowed=\"1\" migrated=\"0\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-8d5ac75\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1227\"><a href=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/the-hospital-of-the-future\" class=\"elementor-item\">The hospital of the future<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1228\"><a href=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/the-hospital-of-the-future\/state-of-the-art\" class=\"elementor-item\">State of the art<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1229\"><a href=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/the-hospital-of-the-future\/music-and-health-through-the-ages\" class=\"elementor-item\">Music and health through the ages<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1230\"><a href=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/the-hospital-of-the-future\/current-challenges\" class=\"elementor-item\">Current challenges<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1231\"><a href=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/the-hospital-of-the-future\/basic-principles-and-definitions\" class=\"elementor-item\">Basic principles and definitions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-8d5ac75\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1227\"><a href=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/the-hospital-of-the-future\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">The hospital of the future<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1228\"><a href=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/the-hospital-of-the-future\/state-of-the-art\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">State of the art<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1229\"><a href=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/the-hospital-of-the-future\/music-and-health-through-the-ages\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Music and health through the ages<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1230\"><a href=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/the-hospital-of-the-future\/current-challenges\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Current challenges<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1231\"><a href=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/the-hospital-of-the-future\/basic-principles-and-definitions\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Basic principles and definitions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-aa8b259\" data-id=\"aa8b259\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f1286 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17f1286\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Music and health through the ages<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bdb97e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4bdb97e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.3 - 22-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>This timeline, though it is certainly not exhaustive, is a general overview of the most important milestones in the relationship between music and health from the ancient civilisations to the present day.<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>PALAEOLITHIC<\/strong><\/mark> The discovery of a 35,000-year-old flute in southern Germany has made anthropologists think that music strengthened social ties and improved new forms of communication, indirectly driving the demographic expansion of modern humans.<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>ANCIENT CHINA<\/strong><\/mark> The therapeutic use of music is mentioned in the seminal text on traditional Chinese medicine, <em>The Yellow Emperor\u2019s Inner Classic<\/em> (ca. 2600 BC). The five tones of the Chinese musical scale were integrated in the theory of the five elements (water, fire, metal, wood and earth), and each element was associated with a musical note and an organ of the human body.<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>ANCIENT EGYPT<\/strong><\/mark> Papyri dated to around 1500 BC seem to suggest that the Egyptians used music as a balm for healing the body, calming the mind and purifying the soul. They also believed that music had the ability to improve a woman\u2019s fertility.<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>INDIA<\/strong><\/mark> In Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, mantras (chants) were believed to have therapeutic properties. The <em>Atharvaveda<\/em>, a medical text written in northern India around 1200\u20131000 BC, contains over 6,000 mantras and 700 hymns. According to the <em>Sushruta Samhita<\/em>, another Ayurvedic medical text (third or fourth century AD), gentle sounds and pleasant sights promote good digestion.<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>ANCIENT GREECE<\/strong><\/mark> Pythagoras (sixth century BC), in his <em>theory of<\/em> <em>\u201cthe<\/em> <em>music of<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>spheres\u201d<\/em>, stated that mathematical and musical relationships between the heavenly bodies were the source of the universe\u2019s harmony. As those proportions were reflected in the human soul, music had the power to restore harmony in individuals\u2014for example, in cases of mental illness. Plato (fifth-fourth century BC) believed in the divine nature of music and its pleasing and sedative powers. In <em>The<\/em> <em>Republic<\/em>, he noted the importance of music for the education of youth and underscored the moral superiority of certain scales to others (Greek modes). Aristotle (fourth century BC) acknowledged the great power that music had over people. In <em>Politics<\/em>, he wondered about the Greek musical modes and their suitability for different purposes, such as education versus recreation. When formulating his <em>theory<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>ethos<\/em>, he argued that music affects one\u2019s mood and character according to its rhythm, melody and harmony (the pillars of music therapy).<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>ANCIENT ROME<\/strong><\/mark> In <em>De institutione musica<\/em>, the philosopher Boethius (fifth-sixth century AD) defended the importance of music for balancing the four humours of the human body.<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>ISLAMIC WORLD<\/strong><\/mark> The Persian physician and philosopher Avicenna (11th century) mentioned the arts (dance, music, poetry, painting and others) over 150 times in his seminal <em>Canon of Medicine<\/em> (1020).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73dd9cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73dd9cd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0810c85\" data-id=\"0810c85\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f4ecab1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f4ecab1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1db151c\" data-id=\"1db151c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c93b7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c93b7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The relationship between music and health has evolved over the centuries, from magical healing rituals to highly specific therapies based on hundreds of scientific studies.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4461e2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4461e2e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b6aeef\" data-id=\"4b6aeef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-165d923 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"165d923\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cea0292\" data-id=\"cea0292\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb6471 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"1fb6471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/dToxLRc1Y7g&quot;,&quot;show_image_overlay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;image_overlay&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/culturaenvena.org\\\/mir\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/botonvideo-01.png&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:868,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;library&quot;},&quot;lightbox&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.3 - 22-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-lightbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;video&quot;,&quot;videoType&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/embed\\\/dToxLRc1Y7g?feature=oembed&amp;start&amp;end&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;loop=0&amp;controls=1&amp;mute=0&amp;rel=0&amp;modestbranding=0&quot;,&quot;modalOptions&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;elementor-lightbox-1fb6471&quot;,&quot;entranceAnimation&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;entranceAnimation_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;entranceAnimation_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;videoAspectRatio&quot;:&quot;169&quot;}}\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJ0eXBlIjoidmlkZW8iLCJ2aWRlb1R5cGUiOiJ5b3V0dWJlIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy55b3V0dWJlLmNvbVwvZW1iZWRcL2RUb3hMUmMxWTdnP2ZlYXR1cmU9b2VtYmVkJnN0YXJ0JmVuZCZ3bW9kZT1vcGFxdWUmbG9vcD0wJmNvbnRyb2xzPTEmbXV0ZT0wJnJlbD0wJm1vZGVzdGJyYW5kaW5nPTAiLCJtb2RhbE9wdGlvbnMiOnsiaWQiOiJlbGVtZW50b3ItbGlnaHRib3gtMWZiNjQ3MSIsImVudHJhbmNlQW5pbWF0aW9uIjoiIiwiZW50cmFuY2VBbmltYXRpb25fdGFibGV0IjoiIiwiZW50cmFuY2VBbmltYXRpb25fbW9iaWxlIjoiIiwidmlkZW9Bc3BlY3RSYXRpbyI6IjE2OSJ9fQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"409\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/botonvideo-01.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-868\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/botonvideo-01.png 409w, https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/botonvideo-01-300x297.png 300w, https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/botonvideo-01-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 409px) 100vw, 409px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ea25cb\" data-id=\"0ea25cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-613359e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"613359e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><mark><strong>MIDDLE AGES<\/strong><\/mark> Abbess Hildegard of Bingen (11th-12th century), a polymath, pioneer of monastic medicine and author of the medical treatises <em>Physica<\/em> and <em>Causae<\/em> <em>et curae,<\/em> believed that \u201cevery creature has its own sound\u201d. Music was considered a branch of philosophy and mathematics, and in medicine it was recommended to prevent and cure afflictions of the spirit. Its prescription is associated with the <em>regimina sanitatis<\/em> and pain management. The physician and theologian Arnau de Vilanova (13th-14th century) recommended using music therapy to \u201cdistract the intellect of the spirits with musical instruments\u201d and to treat pain. <\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>RENAISSANCE<\/strong><\/mark> People still believed that heavenly bodies, musical tones and bodily humours were all connected. The first studies on melancholia appeared in Europe, with some references to music. In Le <em>Istitutioni Harmoniche<\/em> (1558), Italian theoretician and composer Gioseffo Zarlino claimed that the four musical modes corresponded to the four humours of the body and the four elements. In her <em>Nueva filosof\u00eda<\/em> <em>de la naturaleza del hombre,<\/em> Spanish philosopher Oliva Sabuco (1562\u20131646) wrote a chapter with the descriptive title \u201cOn music, which doth cheer and strengthen the brain and bring health to every ailment\u201d. English clergyman and scholar Robert Burton (1577-1640), in The <em>Anatomy<\/em> <em>of Melancholy<\/em> (1621), stated that melancholic music could alleviate melancholy as well as induce it, freeing the mind from that state and finding balance based on the homoeopathic principle of using the apparent cause of an ailment to cure it.<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>MODERN HISTORY<\/strong><\/mark> During the 18th century, medical treatises increasingly mentioned music, and the first scientific studies of its effects on the body were conducted. Many doctors with musical training debated the therapeutic power of music in their writings. For instance, in 1748 the French physician Joseph-Louis Roger published <em>a treatise titled Trait\u00e9 des effets de la musique sur le corps humain in which he analysed the basic principles of acoustics, <\/em>the human perception of sound, and the psychology of music and speculated on the possible curative effects of sound vibrations on the body. Meanwhile, in his <em>Reflections<\/em> <em>on the Power of Music<\/em> (1749), British surgeon Richard Brocklesby acknowledged the tremendous therapeutic potential of music but warned of the need for further scientific research in this field.<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES<\/strong><\/mark> A relationship was established between music therapy and tarantism (a form of convulsive hysterical behaviour with psychiatric symptoms, popularly associated with a tarantula\u2019s bite). <em>Dissertatio de historia, anatome, morsu<\/em> <em>et<\/em> <em>effectibus tarantulae<\/em>, a work by the Italian physician Giorgio Baglivi (1668\u20131707), influenced Spanish musical therapy treatises on tarantism. The most important was <em>Tarantismo<\/em> <em>observado<\/em> <em>en Espa\u00f1a<\/em> (1787) by Francisco Xavier Cid, which included 35 cases of tarantulees treated with music.<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>19TH CENTURY<\/strong><\/mark> Scientific discoveries ushered in a new way of practising medicine, less holistic and more focused on biology, occasionally to the detriment of certain aspects of healthcare. Even so, new uses were found for music in health, particularly in psychiatry. Illenau Asylum (Baden, Germany) exemplified arts-in-health activism. They had a choir, a band, a chamber orchestra, 140 performances each year, and a music instructor on staff to work with the medical personnel. They even compiled a hymnal that was used in other German asylums. In 1879, the great English composer Edward Elgar was appointed resident composer and bandmaster of the Worcester County Lunatic Asylum, where he wrote dances for the patients. In France, psychiatrist Wilhelm Horn reported that the eight stone baths of an asylum bath house had been fitted with an organ, drums and cymbals as an unusual form of shock therapy.<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>20TH CENTURY<\/strong><\/mark> The two world wars inspired numerous music programmes for convalescent soldiers. Most were focused on entertainment rather than music therapy per se, but there were some like the \u201cMusic in Reconditioning in ASF (Army Service Forces) Convalescent and General Hospitals\u201d programme, launched in the USA in 1945, which used all-women military bands to boost the wounded men\u2019s morale.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1950:<\/strong> the National Association for Music Therapy is founded in the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958:<\/strong> the British Society for Music Therapy and Remedial Music, which would go on to publish the immensely prestigious British Journal of Music Therapy, is established in the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1974:<\/strong> Paris hosts the 1st International Music Therapy Congress. The Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ol de Musicoterapia is also founded in Spain, although it did not begin operating until 1976.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1985:<\/strong> the World Federation of Music Therapy is founded in Italy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999:<\/strong> the African continent\u2019s first music therapy programme is launched in Pretoria, South Africa.<\/p>\n<p><mark><strong>21ST CENTURY<\/strong><\/mark><\/p>\n<p><strong>2012:<\/strong> the M\u00fasica en Vena association embarks on a mission to improve hospital stays with live music.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2016\u20132019:<\/strong> the M\u00fasica en Vena association conducts its scientific study of Musicians In Residence at Hospital 12 de Octubre in Madrid.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2017:<\/strong> Oxford University Press publishes <a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/arts-in-health-9780198792079?cc=us&amp;lang=en\">Arts in Health: Designing and Researching Interventions<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/arts-in-health-9780198792079\">,<\/a> by Daisy Fancourt, a seminal reference book that systematically explains how to design and deliver arts-in-health interventions, making it a valuable handbook for professional artists, project managers and healthcare workers who want to implement the arts in healthcare settings.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2019:  <\/strong>the Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization publishes a report that highlights the importance of the arts in the health and well-being of its citizens and, for the first time, urges governments to include art and culture in healthcare systems and protocols, and to systematically support scientific research in this field: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/publications\/i\/item\/9789289054553\">What is the<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/publications\/i\/item\/9789289054553\">evidence on the role of the arts in improving health and well-being? A scoping review.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>December 2019:<\/strong> Fundaci\u00f3n Cultura en Vena is created with the aim of, among other things, continuing the MIR Project, publishing and sharing the results, and bringing Musicians In Residence to as many hospitals as possible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2020:<\/strong> the coronavirus pandemic hits Spain, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of our healthcare system and culture industry. In September, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.senado.es\/web\/actividadparlamentaria\/actualidad\/noticias\/NoticiasDetalle\/index.html?id=2020_09_22_DECLARACIONINSTITUC\">Senate urges<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.senado.es\/web\/actividadparlamentaria\/actualidad\/noticias\/NoticiasDetalle\/index.html?id=2020_09_22_DECLARACIONINSTITUC\">the Spanish government to declare culture an essential commodit<u>y<\/u><\/a> . \u201cWe should include culture and the arts in the framework of healthcare, as music, art and cultural activities have great benefits for our bodies and our emotions.\u201d<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1 The hospital of the future SECTIONS This timeline, though it is certainly not exhaustive, is a general overview of the most important milestones in the relationship between music and health from the ancient civilisations to the present day. PALAEOLITHIC The discovery of a 35,000-year-old flute in southern Germany has made anthropologists think that music [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":1131,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1141","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1141"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1142,"href":"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1141\/revisions\/1142"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/culturaenvena.org\/mir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}